Gynecomastia is the abnormal enlargement or swelling of the breast tissue in males. This condition occurs when breast tissue, which is normally present in females, develops in males as well. Normally, low levels of estrogen and high levels of testosterone in males prevent breast tissue growth. However, in some cases, there may be an imbalance in this hormonal equilibrium, leading to the development of gynecomastia.

Gynecomastia can be caused by hormonal changes, genetic factors, obesity, certain medications, alcohol or drug use, thyroid problems, or liver disease, among others.

Symptoms of gynecomastia include swelling, tenderness, or pain in the breasts and enlargement of the nipple. It can develop unilaterally or bilaterally.

Gynecomastia should be evaluated by a doctor to determine the underlying cause. The evaluation may involve a physical examination, hormone tests, imaging studies, and, if necessary, a biopsy. Gynecomastia can often be treated by addressing the underlying cause, but in some cases, it may resolve on its own.

If gynecomastia is indicative of an underlying health issue, the treatment usually focuses on managing the underlying condition. Additionally, if any medications are causing gynecomastia, their use may be reviewed or changed. In rare cases, gynecomastia may be permanent and require surgical intervention. Therefore, anyone experiencing gynecomastia should seek medical assistance for proper diagnosis and treatment.